单引号和双引号都能关闭shell对特殊字符的处理。不同的是，双引号没有单引号严格，单引号关闭所有有特殊作用的字符，而双引号只要求shell忽略大多数，具体的说，就是①美元符号②反引号③反斜杠，这3种特殊字符不被忽略。 不忽略美元符号意味着shell在双引号内部也进行变量名替换。

下面用一个简单的shell程序要说明一下。

debian:~/learn/shell# cat phonebook

Alice Chebba 973-555-2015

Barbara Swingle 201-555-9257

Liz Stachiw 212-555-2298

Susan Goldberg 201-555-7776

Susan Topple 212-555-4932

Tony Iannino 973-555-1295

Stromboli Pizza 973-555-9478

debian:~/learn/shell#

debian:~/learn/shell# cat lu

# Look someone up in the phone book

grep "$1" phonebook

debian:~/learn/shell#

这是正确的lu程序，下面是运行结果。

debian:~/learn/shell# ./lu 'Susan T'

Susan Topple 212-555-4932

debian:~/learn/shell# ./lu Tony

Tony Iannino 973-555-1295

debian:~/learn/shell#

如果lu写成①grep $1 phonebook或者②grep '$1' phonebook，就会出现下面的错误结果（为什么？）。

①的结果：

debian:~/learn/shell# ./lu Tony //这种情况结果正确

Tony Iannino 973-555-1295

debian:~/learn/shell# ./lu 'Susan T' //这种情况结果错误

grep: T: No such file or directory

phonebook:Susan Goldberg 201-555-7776

phonebook:Susan Topple 212-555-4932

debian:~/learn/shell#

②的结果：

debian:~/learn/shell# ./lu Tony //这种情况结果错误

debian:~/learn/shell# ./lu 'Susan T' //这种情况结果也错误

debian:~/learn/shell#