linux c 一个autotools的最简单例子

时间：2007-11-18 17:29:01 来源：Linux联盟收集整理作者：

最近开始学习linux c开发，对autotools比较感兴趣，所以找了一些国外的文档看了看，然后自己做了小例子，在这里跟大家分享。
  1、准备:
   需要工具autoscan aclocal autoheader automake autoconf make 等工具.
  2、测试程序编写：
   建立目录：mkdir include src
   编写程序：include/str.h

CODE:

#include <stdio.h>
int str(char *string);

编写程序：src/str.c

CODE:

#include "str.h"
//print string
int str(char *string){
      printf("\n----PRINT STRING----\n\"%s\"\n",string);
      return 0;
}

//interface of this program
int main(int argc , char **argv){
      char str_read[1024];
      printf("Please INPUT something end by [ENTER]\n");
      scanf("%s",str_read);
      return str(str_read );
}

3、生成configure.ac
configure.ac是automake的输入文件，所以必须先生成该文件。
执行命令：

CODE:

[root@localhost str]# ls
include src
[root@localhost str]# autoscan
autom4te: configure.ac: no such file or directory
autoscan: /usr/bin/autom4te failed with exit status: 1
[root@localhost str]# ls
autoscan.log configure.scan include src
[root@localhost str]# cp configure.scan configure.ac

修改 configure.ac

CODE:

# -*- Autoconf -*-
# Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.

AC_PREREQ(2.59)
AC_INIT(FULL-PACKAGE-NAME, VERSION, BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS)
AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([include/str.h])
AC_CONFIG_HEADER([config.h])

# Checks for programs.
AC_PROG_CC

# Checks for libraries.

# Checks for header files.

# Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.

# Checks for library functions.
AC_OUTPUT

修改

CODE:

AC_INIT(FULL-PACKAGE-NAME, VERSION, BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS)

为

CODE:

AC_INIT(str,0.0.1, [bug@sounos.org])

FULL-PACKAGE-NAME 为程序名称，VERSION为当前版本， BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS为bug汇报地址
添加AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE
添加AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile])

CODE:

# -*- Autoconf -*-
# Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.

AC_PREREQ(2.59)
#AC_INIT(FULL-PACKAGE-NAME, VERSION, BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS)
AC_INIT(str, 0.0.1, [bug@sounos.org])
AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE
AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([include/str.h])
AC_CONFIG_HEADER([config.h])

# Checks for programs.
AC_PROG_CC

# Checks for libraries.

# Checks for header files.

# Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.

# Checks for library functions.
AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile])
AC_OUTPUT

4、执行aclocal

CODE:

[root@localhost str]# aclocal
/usr/share/aclocal/libfame.m4:6: warning: underquoted definition of AM_PATH_LIBFAME
run info '(automake)Extending aclocal'
or see http://sources.redhat.com/automake/automake.html#Extending-aclocal

5、制作Makefile.am

CODE:

[root@localhost str]# cat Makefile.am
#Makefile.am
bin_PROGRAMS = str
str_SOURCES = include/str.h src/str.c
str_CPPFLAGS = -I include/

6、autoheader

CODE:

[root@localhost str]# autoheader

7、automake必须文件：

CODE:

* install-sh
* missing
* INSTALL
* NEWS
* README
* AUTHORS
* ChangeLog
* COPYING
* depcomp

其中

CODE:

* install-sh
* missing
* INSTALL
* COPYING
* depcomp

可以通过automake -a选项自动生成，所以这里只需要建立如下文件

CODE:

[root@localhost str]# touch NEWS README AUTHORS ChangeLog

8、执行automake

CODE:

[root@localhost str]# automake -a
configure.ac: installing `./install-sh'
configure.ac: installing `./missing'
Makefile.am: installing `./INSTALL'
Makefile.am: installing `./COPYING'
Makefile.am: installing `./compile'
Makefile.am: installing `./depcomp'

9、autoconf

CODE:

[root@localhost str]# autoconf
[root@localhost str]# ls
aclocal.m4    autoscan.log  config.h.in configure.scan  include    Makefile.am  NEWS
AUTHORS       ChangeLog    configure    COPYING       INSTALL    Makefile.in  README
autom4te.cache  compile    configure.ac  depcomp       install-sh  missing    src

10、执行测试：
执行./configure

CODE:

[root@localhost str]# ./configure --prefix=/u
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether build environment is sane... yes
checking for gawk... gawk
checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
checking for gcc... gcc
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of executables...
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc option to accept ANSI C... none needed
checking for style of include used by make... GNU
checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile
config.status: creating config.h
config.status: config.h is unchanged
config.status: executing depfiles commands

执行 make

CODE:

[root@localhost str]# make
make  all-am
make[1]: Entering directory `/data/devel/c/str'
if gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I. -I.  -I include/ -g -O2 -MT str-str.o -MD -MP -MF ".deps/str-str.Tpo" -c -o str-str.o `test -f 'src/str.c' || echo './'`src/str.c; \
then mv -f ".deps/str-str.Tpo" ".deps/str-str.Po"; else rm -f ".deps/str-str.Tpo"; exit 1; fi
gcc  -g -O2 -o str  str-str.o
make[1]: Leaving directory `/data/devel/c/str'

执行 make install

CODE:

[root@localhost str]# make install
make[1]: Entering directory `/data/devel/c/str'
test -z "/u/bin" || mkdir -p -- "/u/bin"
/usr/bin/install -c 'str' '/u/bin/str'
make[1]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am'.
make[1]: Leaving directory `/data/devel/c/str'

11、测试程序：

CODE:

[root@localhost str]# /u/bin/str
Please INPUT something end by [ENTER]
abcksdhfklsdklfdjlkfd

----PRINT STRING----
"abcksdhfklsdklfdjlkfd"

结束语：这只是一个小例子，如果要把这个用得很好需要不断的磨练。。。。呵呵，见笑了。

－－－－－

添加测试包：

CODE:

[root@localhost str]# make dist-gzip
{ test ! -d str-0.0.1 || { find str-0.0.1 -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -fr str-0.0.1; }; }
mkdir str-0.0.1
find str-0.0.1 -type d ! -perm -777 -exec chmod a+rwx {} \; -o \
  ! -type d ! -perm -444 -links 1 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \
  ! -type d ! -perm -400 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \
  ! -type d ! -perm -444 -exec /bin/sh /data/devel/c/str/install-sh -c -m a+r {} {} \; \
|| chmod -R a+r str-0.0.1
tardir=str-0.0.1 && /bin/sh /data/devel/c/str/missing --run tar chof - "$tardir" | GZIP=--best gzip -c >str-0.0.1.tar.gz
{ test ! -d str-0.0.1 || { find str-0.0.1 -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -fr str-0.0.1; }; }

添加一个支持子目录、静态库、自定义configure选项的包

支持子目录Makefile.am 选项 SUBDIR =

CODE:

#Automake interface
SUBDIRS = src

支持静态库Makefile.am
EXTRA_DIST 用于添加除源码外的文件到dist包

CODE:

#Automake interface
bin_PROGRAMS = hello
hello_SOURCES = hello.c lib/sbase.h
hello_CPPFLAGS = -I lib
hello_LDFLAGS = -static lib/libsbase.a
EXTRA_DIST = lib/libsbase.a

configure.ac

CODE:

AC_PREREQ(2.59)
#AC_INIT(FULL-PACKAGE-NAME, VERSION, BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS)
AC_INIT(hello, 0.0.1, [SounOS@gmail.com])
#AM 声明
AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE
AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([src/hello.c])
AC_CONFIG_HEADER([config.h])

# Checks for programs.
AC_PROG_CC

# Checks for libraries.

# Checks for header files.
AC_HEADER_STDC
AC_CHECK_HEADERS([stdint.h stdlib.h sys/socket.h])

# Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.
AC_C_CONST
AC_TYPE_SIZE_T
AC_TYPE_UINT32_T
AC_TYPE_UINT64_T

#用于自定义configure 选项，见acinclude.am
AC_CHECK_EXTRA_OPTIONS
# Checks for library functions.

AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile
src/Makefile])
AC_OUTPUT

文件:	str-0.0.1.tar.gz
大小:	67KB
下载:	下载

文件:	hello-0.0.1.tar.gz
大小:	146KB
下载:	下载

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